Last updated on 10 Dec 2013 11:53 (cf. Authors)
Short description
In sub-categories 1.A.3.b iv - Road transport: Mopeds & motorcycles emissions from fuel combustion in Motorcycles and Mopeds are reported.
NFR-Code | Name of Category | Method | AD | EF | Key Source for (by1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.A.3.b iv | Mopeds & Motorcycles | T3 | NS | CS | no key source |
1 T = key source by Trend / L = key source by Level
Method
Activity data
Table: Annual fuel consumption of mopeds and motorcycles, [TJ]
1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |
Gasoline | 22,049 | 20,585 | 19,352 | 19,283 | 15,858 | 16,675 | 17,460 | 18,087 | 18,426 | 19,038 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bioethanol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
Gasoline | 19,137 | 19,255 | 19,907 | 19,485 | 20,059 | 20,136 | 20,091 | 16,898 | 17,355 | 17,757 |
Bioethanol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 137 | 286 | 225 | 326 | 493 |
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
Gasoline | 17,754 | 17,982 | ||||||||
Bioethanol | 660 | 709 |
italic: values recalculated compared to submission 2012
For information on mileage, please refer to sub-chapters on emissions from tyre & brake wear and road abrasion.
Emission factors
Emissions factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the 'Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport' (HBEFA, version 3.1) where they are provided on a tier3 level mostly and processed within the TREMOD software used by the party. Therefore, it is not possible to display them in a clear and comprehendible table. - For further information, please see the Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport and the TREMOD software.
Trend discussion for Key Categories
NFR 1.A.3.b iv - Exhaust Emissions from Motorcycles and Mopeds is no key source.
Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)
Since 1990, exhaust emissions of NMVOC have decreased due to technical improvements.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for sulphur dioxide (SO2) exhaust emissions from two-wheelers shows charcteristics very different from those shown above: Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of SO2 emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage.
Total suspended particles (TSP)
Particle (TSP) emissions reported here result from the use of leaded gasoline only, therefore decreasing stronlgy until the ban of leaded gasoline in 1997.
Recalculations
Recalculations were carried out due to a regular revision of the TREMOD software as well the CSE data warehouse. Compared to submission 2012, the inventory, for the first time, includes PM emissions from the combustion of gasoline and bioethanol.
AD: Activity data were revised broadly within TREMOD. Here, changes result mostly from reallocations of consumption shares between the different vehicle types and classes with 1.A.3.b over-all sums remaining nearly unchanged for years before 2005.
Table: Revision of over-all consumption data
Unit | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 22,049 | 20,585 | 19,352 | 19,283 | 15,858 | 16,675 | 17,460 | 18,087 | 18,426 | 19,038 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 16,190 | 15,108 | 14,163 | 14,047 | 11,541 | 12,154 | 12,758 | 13,270 | 13,510 | 14,013 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 5,859 | 5,477 | 5,189 | 5,236 | 4,317 | 4,521 | 4,702 | 4,817 | 4,915 | 5,025 |
relative change | [%] | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
Unit | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 19,137 | 19,255 | 19,907 | 19,485 | 20,080 | 20,273 | 20,377 | 17,123 | 17,681 | 18,250 |
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 14,184 | 14,401 | 15,028 | 14,651 | 15,139 | 15,359 | 15,384 | 12,456 | 12,731 | 12,905 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 4.953 | 4.854 | 4.880 | 4.834 | 4.941 | 4.915 | 4.993 | 4.667 | 4.950 | 5.345 |
relative change | [%] | 35 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 37 | 39 | 41 |
Unit | 2010 | ||||||||||
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 18,414 | |||||||||
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 13,070 | |||||||||
absolute change | [TJ] | 5,344 | |||||||||
relative change | [%] | 41 |
Table: Revision of consumption data for mopeds
Unit | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 4,940 | 3,910 | 2,864 | 2,373 | 3,283 | 3,443 | 3,324 | 3,182 | 3,373 | 3,370 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 3,682 | 3,004 | 2,266 | 1,929 | 2,729 | 2,902 | 2,780 | 2,675 | 2,892 | 2,877 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 1,258 | 905 | 598 | 444 | 554 | 540 | 544 | 506 | 482 | 493 |
relative change | [%] | 34 | 30 | 26 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 17 | 17 |
Unit | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 3,134 | 3,041 | 2,809 | 2,906 | 3,140 | 3,159 | 3,281 | 3,246 | 3,353 | 3,433 |
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 2,657 | 2,613 | 2,364 | 2,496 | 2,708 | 2,721 | 2,832 | 2,828 | 2,901 | 2,928 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 477 | 428 | 445 | 409 | 432 | 438 | 449 | 418 | 453 | 505 |
relative change | [%] | 18 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Unit | 2010 | ||||||||||
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 3,305 | |||||||||
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 2,906 | |||||||||
absolute change | [TJ] | 399 | |||||||||
relative change | [%] | 14 |
Table: Revision of consumption data for motorcycles
Unit | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 17,110 | 16,675 | 16,488 | 16,911 | 12,575 | 13,233 | 14,136 | 14,905 | 15,052 | 15,668 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 12,508 | 12,104 | 11,897 | 12,118 | 8,813 | 9,252 | 9,978 | 10,595 | 10,619 | 11,136 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 4,601 | 4,572 | 4,591 | 4,792 | 3,763 | 3,981 | 4,158 | 4,310 | 4,434 | 4,532 |
relative change | [%] | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 42 | 41 |
Unit | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 16,003 | 16,214 | 17,098 | 16,580 | 16,919 | 16,977 | 16,811 | 13,652 | 14,002 | 14,324 |
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 11,528 | 11,787 | 12,664 | 12,155 | 12,431 | 12,743 | 12,552 | 9,628 | 9,830 | 9,978 |
absolute change | [TJ] | 4,475 | 4,426 | 4,435 | 4,425 | 4,488 | 4,234 | 4,258 | 4,024 | 4,171 | 4,346 |
relative change | [%] | 39 | 38 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 33 | 34 | 42 | 42 | 44 |
Unit | 2010 | ||||||||||
Submission 2013 | [TJ] | 14,449 | |||||||||
Submission 2012 | [TJ] | 10,165 | |||||||||
absolute change | [TJ] | 4,284 | |||||||||
relative change | [%] | 42 |
EF & IEF: Where (implied) emission factors for mopeds remain unchanged compared to submission 2012, motorcycle (I)EF for NH3, NMVOC, NOx and CO were broadly revised within TREMOD. - Due to the number of (I)EFs effected, it is not possible to present old and revised values in a proper way.
For pollutant specific information on qualitative and quantitative impacts on 1990 and 2010 emission estimates see chapter 11. Recalculations and the following chapters.
Uncertainties
Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: "Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland". For detailled information, please refer to the project's final report here (German version only!)
Uncertainty estimates for emission factors for all 1.A.3.b sub-categories were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published.
Planned improvements
At the moment, no category specific improvements are planned.